Objective: Oscillating ultrasonic instruments were basically used to finish marginal preparation, while they produce more rough surfaces, unlike the regular surfaces produced by the rotating diamond instruments. This study aims to investigate the change of dentin roughness after etching using two different preparation tools: diamond bur and diamond ultrasonic tip.

Objective: To explore the link between hypertension and periodontitis and also to inspect the mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation.